Cheat Sheet Perintah CLI

Kumpulan perintah untuk diagnosa jaringan (di OS) dan konfigurasi perangkat (Cisco IOS). Praktikkan di simulator.

Tool diagnosa (Windows / Linux / macOS)

Tujuan	Windows	Linux / macOS
Cek konektivitas	ping 8.8.8.8	ping 8.8.8.8
Lihat jalur (hop)	tracert google.com	traceroute google.com
Konfigurasi IP	ipconfig /all	ip addr / ifconfig
Uji DNS	nslookup domain	dig domain / nslookup
Koneksi & port aktif	netstat -ano	ss -tulnp
Tabel ARP	arp -a	ip neigh / arp -a
Tabel routing	route print	ip route
Perbarui IP DHCP	ipconfig /renew	dhclient
Bersihkan cache DNS	ipconfig /flushdns	sudo systemd-resolve --flush-caches

Cisco IOS — mode & navigasi

Router> enable                 ! masuk privileged mode
Router# configure terminal     ! masuk global config
Router(config)# hostname R1    ! ganti nama perangkat
R1(config)# exit               ! keluar satu level
R1# write memory               ! simpan konfigurasi (atau: copy run start)
R1# show running-config         ! lihat config aktif

Prompt	Mode
Router>	User EXEC
Router#	Privileged EXEC
Router(config)#	Global Configuration
Router(config-if)#	Interface Configuration

Konfigurasi IP pada interface

R1(config)# interface gigabitEthernet 0/0
R1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown      ! aktifkan interface
R1(config-if)# exit

VLAN (pada switch)

Switch(config)# vlan 10
Switch(config-vlan)# name HRD
Switch(config-vlan)# exit
! assign port ke VLAN (access)
Switch(config)# interface fa0/1
Switch(config-if)# switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)# switchport access vlan 10
! konfigurasi trunk antar-switch
Switch(config)# interface fa0/24
Switch(config-if)# switchport mode trunk

Verifikasi: show vlan brief

Routing statis

! ip route <tujuan> <mask> <next-hop>
R1(config)# ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2
! default route
R1(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.1

Verifikasi: show ip route

OSPF (routing dinamis)

R1(config)# router ospf 1
R1(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

Perhatikan: OSPF memakai wildcard mask, bukan subnet mask. Lihat Cheat Sheet Subnetting.

NAT / PAT

! tandai interface dalam & luar
R1(config)# interface g0/0
R1(config-if)# ip nat inside
R1(config)# interface g0/1
R1(config-if)# ip nat outside
! PAT (overload) — banyak host satu IP public
R1(config)# access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
R1(config)# ip nat inside source list 1 interface g0/1 overload

Verifikasi: show ip nat translations

DHCP (pada router)

R1(config)# ip dhcp pool LAN
R1(dhcp-config)# network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
R1(dhcp-config)# default-router 192.168.1.1
R1(dhcp-config)# dns-server 8.8.8.8
R1(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.10

Keamanan dasar perangkat

R1(config)# enable secret RahasiaKuat       ! password privileged mode
R1(config)# service password-encryption     ! enkripsi password di config
R1(config)# line vty 0 4
R1(config-line)# password VtyKuat
R1(config-line)# login
R1(config)# banner motd #Akses terbatas#

Perintah show penting

Perintah	Menampilkan
show running-config	Konfigurasi aktif
show ip interface brief	Ringkasan status interface & IP
show ip route	Tabel routing
show vlan brief	Daftar VLAN
show mac address-table	Tabel MAC switch
show ip nat translations	Translasi NAT aktif
show interfaces	Detail & statistik interface

Tip: ketik ? di IOS kapan saja untuk melihat opsi perintah yang tersedia.